喷嘴间距对贫油熄火特性和流场结构的影响

为深入认识喷嘴间距对燃气轮机燃烧室贫油熄火和气动性能的影响,基于典型的双旋流扩散燃烧喷嘴设计了喷嘴位置连续变化可调的双头部模型燃烧室。实验测量了不同初始当量比条件下喷嘴间的最大传焰距离,分析了火焰传播的动态过程;此外还研究了喷嘴间距对贫油熄火当量比、反应流场和方均根速度场的影响。实验结果表明:当量比每增加0.1,无量纲最大联焰间距增大0.2左右,并且喷嘴间的联焰过程大致可分为四个阶段;单喷嘴的贫油熄火当量比大于任意喷嘴间距下双喷嘴的贫油熄火当量比;随着喷嘴间距的减小,贫油熄火当量比先减小后增大;另外,喷嘴间距减小导致射流合并,气流径向速度抵消变小,中心射流速度峰值增大以及回流区尺寸缩小;随着喷嘴彼此靠近,喷嘴间的方均根速度变大,分布区域变广。      

Numerical investigation of transitions in flow states and variation in aerodynamic forces for flow around square cylinders arranged inline

This study focuses on the transitions in flow states around two-, three- and four-inline square cylinders under the effect of Reynolds numbers at two different gap spacing values using the lattice Boltzmann method. For this purpose, Reynolds number is varied in the range 1–130 while two different values of spacing taken into account are gap spacing?=?2 and 5. Before going to actual problem, the code is tested for flow around a single square cylinder by comparing the results with experimental and numerical results of other researchers, and good agreement is found. The current numerical computations yield that for both spacing values and all combinations of cylinders there exist three different sates of flow depending on Reynolds numbers: steady state, transitional state and unsteady state. It is found that the range of Reynolds numbers for these flow states is different for both spacing values. At gap spacing?=?2 the range of Reynolds numbers for each flow state decreases by increasing the number of cylinders while at gap spacing?=?5 opposite trend is observed. The results also show that at gap spacing?=?2 the reduction in drag force is greater than the corresponding reduction at gap spacing?=?5. The maximum reduction in drag force is observed at Reynolds numbers?=?1 at both spacing values. Similarly, at both spacing values and all Reynolds numbers, the maximum reduction in drag force is observed for the case of four-inline square cylinders.     

孪晶界对α铁力学性能影响的模拟研究

采用分子动力学方法研究在单轴拉伸载荷下孪晶界间距和孪晶界与拉伸载荷角度对纳米孪晶铁力学行为的影响。结果表明:纳米孪晶铁的屈服强度随着孪晶界间距的增大而增大,呈现反常的Hall-Petch关系;单晶铁中出现变形孪晶,此时其塑性变形以变形孪晶为主;弹性模量随孪晶界间距增大有轻微的增大;拉伸载荷与孪晶界不垂直时,屈服应力降低,变形方式则以去孪晶为主。     

轴向间距对某跨声速轴流压气机叶排间干扰的影响规律

对不同轴向间距下的某跨声速轴流压气机内流场在设计转速时进行了定常数值模拟,结果表明当转子与上游静子轴向间距减小时,压气机的效率和压比有明显降低,而转子和下游静子间距减小时,压气机的效率和压比反而有所提高.进一步的非定常数值模拟结果表明:①转子与上游静子轴向间距减小时,转子前激波与静子尾缘干扰增强,造成了效率和压比的下降...     

凝固冷速对铸造镍基高温合金K417G显微组织的影响

对铸造镍基高温合金K417G进行了不同冷却速率的凝固试验,并对凝固后的试样进行了光学金相和定量金相分析,研究了凝固冷速对合金显微组织的影响,通过线性回归的方法确定了平均枝晶间距与凝固冷速的关系.结果表明:凝固冷速增大明显细化树枝晶、MC碳化物和(γ γ′)共晶.冷速对MC碳化物的量影响不大,但对(γ γ′)共晶量有明显影响,过快和过慢的冷速都能引起(γ γ′)共晶量增加.K417G合金的平均枝晶间距(λ/μm)与凝固时冷速(V/℃·s-1)存在λ=85.1V-0.35的对应关系,根据该关系式可以通过测量铸件不同部位的平均枝晶大小确定该部位凝固时的冷却速率.     

失谐流体激励下叶盘结构响应特性

对非均匀静子叶片分布影响下的失谐流体激励叶盘结构响应特性进行研究.首先推导叶盘结构强迫共振条件与流体失谐设计理论;其次对工程叶盘结构响应分析的模态减缩方法和精细积分法进行理论描述;最后给出数值算例,对谐调和失谐流体激励特性和实际工程叶盘的响应特性进行研究,分析流体失谐设计方法对叶盘强迫响应的影响.在响应特性计算中,通过有限元方法得到叶盘的系统质量、阻尼和刚度矩阵后,利用MATLAB软件编制程序进行响应特性分析.      

基于冲突距离的空中高速路换道模型

为解决航空器在空中高速路中的运行安全问题,对空中高速路平行航路换道模型进行了研究。分析了航空器换道的运动学过程,根据航空器之间的冲突距离建立了航空器的平行航路换道模型,总结了影响换道航空器之间的冲突距离的因素。最后,经仿真计算得到航空器匀速飞行时与相邻航空器不发生冲突的理论安全距离。     

Experiments on film cooling with sonic injection into a supersonic flow

Film cooling experiments with sonic injection were conducted to investigate the effects of the number of the injection holes, the mass flow ratio, and the hole spacing on the film cooling effectiveness. The mainstream was obtained by the hydrogen-oxygen combustion, entering the experimental section at a Mach number of 2.0. The nitrogen with ambient temperature was injected into the experimental section at a sonic speed. The measured mainstream recovery temperature was approximately 910K. The mass flow ratio was regulated by varying the nitrogen injection pressure. The experimental results show that for the investigated cooling surface, the cooling effectiveness increases with the increase in the number of the injection holes with other parameters held constant. For a fixed cooling configuration, the cooling effectiveness increases with the increase in the mass flow ratio. Different from the subsonic film cooling, the optimal mass flow ratio is not observed. When the hole spacing is less than 4, no obvious difference is observed on the cooling effectiveness and lateral uniformity. With the mass flow ratio increasing further, this difference becomes much smaller. The shock wave also has an effect on the cooling effectiveness. Downstream the incident point of the shock wave, the cooling effectiveness is lower than that in the case without the shock wave.     

镍基单晶高温合金DD2梯度定向凝固行为

利用高梯度（250K／cm）走向凝固装置（LMC），对不同凝固条件下DD2单晶高温合金的定向凝固行为进行了研究。结果表明，在一定温度梯度下，通过改变凝固速率可以得到以平面状、胞状、树枝状凝固界面生长的DD2单晶；随着冷却速率的增大，一次枝晶间距减小、组织均化，且所得一次枝晶间距与凝固参数的关系基本符合Hunt模型。     

陶瓷材料压缩加载下的动态失效研究

利用脆性材料的动态应力强度因子与裂纹传播速度相关，考虑氧化铝陶瓷动态断裂韧性与静态断裂韧性的差异，采用新的裂纹扩展破坏判据对分枝裂纹阵模型进行改进。在SHPB（分离式Hopkinson压杆）上进行了单轴应力和单轴应变实验，所测得的实验结果与改进的分枝裂纹阵模型计算结果符合较好。